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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12452/5767

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Influencing factors of acute kidney injury following retrograde intrarenal surgery
(Springer, 2023) Göger, Yunus Emre; Özkent, Mehmet Serkan; Kılınç, Muzaffer Tansel; Erol, Eren; Taşkapu, Hakan Hakkı
Purpose: To investigate the influencing factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) following retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Methods: The data of patients who underwent RIRS for kidney stones between January 2018 and June 2022 at two tertiary centers were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data of patients were obtained. According to kidney disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, those with and without AKI were divided into two groups. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative predictive factors of patients were investigated between the groups. In addition, the influencing factors of AKI were examined by multivariate analysis. Results: This study included 295 (35.7%) women and 532 (64.3%) men. The mean age was 50.03 +/- 15.4 years (range 18-89), and mean stone size was 15.5 +/- 6.1 mm (range 6-47). Overall, 672 of patients (81.3%) were stone-free after the initial treatment. According to KDIGO, 110 of patients (13.3%) had AKI during the postoperative period. Univariate analysis showed that stone size (P=.003), previous stone surgery (P=.010), renal malformations (P=.017), high operative time (P=<.001), high preoperative creatinine value (P=.036), intraoperative complications (P=.018), and postoperative urinary tract infection (P=.003) had significant influence on the AKI after RIRS. Multivariate analysis excluded previous stone surgery, high preoperative creatinine value, renal malformations, and intraoperative complications from the logistic regression model, whereas other factors maintained their statistically significant effect on AKI, indicating that they were independent predictors. Conclusions: Stone size, operative time, postoperative urinary tract infection, and diabetes mellitus are significant predictors of AKI. During RIRS, urologists should consider the factors that increase the risk of AKI and evaluate the treatment outcomes based on these factors.
The effect of perceived social support levels on coping methods for urinary incontinence in elderly men
(Associaçao Medica Brasileira, 2023) Koçak, Zehra; Bayır, Berna; Göksoy, İbrahim; Taşkapu, Hakan Hakkı
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effect of the perceived social support level on coping methods for urinary incontinence among men aged 65 years and over with urinary incontinence. METHODS: A total of 92 male patients over the age of 65 years with urinary incontinence and adequate cognitive levels were included in the study. The coping methods, the environmental support, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used to collect data. RESULTS: The most common method of coping was changing clothes (64 [69.6%]). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support total mean score was 55.83+/-14.8, which was considered above the medium-level support. The perception level of social support caused significant differences in coping methods in individuals with urinary incontinence. CONCLUSION: The view that urinary incontinence is a problem related to aging is regarded as an obstacle to seeking healthcare. Society should be made aware that urinary incontinence is not a normal condition related to aging and that it is not an insoluble problem that the elderly must endure.
Poor prognosis in paediatric haemorrhagic stroke
(Via Medica, 2023) Çaksen, Hüseyin; Yılmaz, Saniye Yasemin; Güven, Ahmet Sami; Güldibi, Furkan; Erdi, Mehmet Fatih; Açıkgözoğlu, Saim
Stroke, increasingly recognised in children in recent years, is an important cause of long-term morbidity and disability. A wide range of conditions associated with paediatric stroke has been identified, which differ significantly from those in adults. Paediatric stroke can also present with a variety of symptoms and signs, both specific and non-specific [1, 2]. Paediatric haemorrhagic stroke (HS) is a rare but severe condition, with lifelong multifaceted adverse functional, psychosocial, and economic consequences [3]. In this study, we have evaluated the clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging findings in children with HS in order to draw attention to the high morbidity and mortality rates of paediatric HS. (...)
Tuberoskleroz kompleksli hastada hemorajik giant renal anjiomyolipom'a nefron koruyucu cerrahi yaklaşım: Olgu sunumu
(2016) Sönmez, Mehmet Giray; Haliloğlu, Ahmet Hakan; Tangal, Semih; Göğer, Yunus Emre; Demirelli, Erhan
Tuberoskleroz, tüm organları tutabilen ancak en sık deri, beyin, kalp, göz ve böbreği tutan benign hamartomatöz lezyonlar ile karakterize otozomal dominant bir hastalıktır. Renal anjiomyolipom (AML) matür yağ hücreleri, düz kas dokusu ve kalın duvarlı kan damarlarını değişen oranlarda içeren benign bir tümördür. Tuberoskleroz kompleksinin (TS) en yaygın ürolojik tutulumu renal anjiomyolipomlardır. Anjiomyolipomlar asemptomatik olabilmekle beraber, palpabl kitle, ağrı, hematüri şikayeti ile tanı alabilir, masif kanamaya neden olarak morbidite ve mortaliteye sebep olabilirler. Biz de palpable kitle ile tanı konulan, masif kanamaya neden olan ve cerrahi tedavi yapılan dev renal anjiomyolipom olgumuzu paylaşmak ve bulgular eşliğinde güncel literatürü değerlendirmek istedik.
Fracture with Urethral Injury: Evaluation by Retrograde Urethrogram
(2017) Balasar, Mehmet; Poyraz, Necdet; Pişkin, Mehmet Mesut; Kandemir, Abdulkadir
Penile fracture is a rare condition. It primarily involves the rupture of the corpus cavernosum during erection, which may also affect the corpus spongiosum and urethra. We describe the case of a 35-year-old man who presented with acute penile pain, penile swelling, and a hematuria after a blunt trauma during sexual intercourse. The emergency retrograde urethrogram revealed a rare condition, extravasation of the opaque material from the penile urethra into the cavernous structure. The partial rupture of the corpus cavernosum with urethral disruption was repaired surgically. At the 3-month postoperative follow-up control, no complications were reported by the patient who has had both normal erectile and voiding functions. In cases of penile fracture with suspected urethral injury, retrograde urethrogram can be used for definitive diagnosis.
Erkek infertilitesine genetik yaklaşım
(2016) Balasar, Mehmet; Balasar, Özgür; Gürbüz, Recai
Önceden idiyopatik erkek infertilitesi olarak tanımlanan önemli sayıdaki androlojik fertilite bozukluğu, gerçekte genetik kökenlidir. Bu genetik sebepleri anlamak, hem tedavi yaklaşımları hem de onların doğacak bebeklerinin taşıyabileceği riskler hakkında hastaların bilgilendirilmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu derlemede, erkek infertilitesine neden olan genetik faktörler değerlendirilmiştir.
Preliminary feasibility study of a new method of hypothermia in an experimental canine model
(2017) Sert, İbrahim Ünal; Akand, Murat; Kılıç, Özcan; Yavru, Nuri; Bulut, Ersan
Objective: To build up a new microcontroller thermoelectric system to achieve renal hypothermia.Material and methods: Renal hypothermia system was tested under in vivo conditions in the kidneys of tenMongrel dogs. Ambient temperature was evaluated using two different microcontrollers. In order to ensurehypothermia in the renal parenchyma, selection can be made among 4 modules and sensors which detectthe temperature of the area. The temperature range of the system was adjusted between -50C and 50C.Results: When single and double poles of the kidney were cooled, initial mean intraperitoneal temperaturevalues were found 37.7C for rectum and 36.5C for renal cortex and medulla. After the temperature of thecooling module was set to 12C, the module was placed on the poles of the kidney. After fifteen minutes,temperature was 15.4C in the lower pole of the kidney, 28.1C in the cortex of the other side and 29.2C inthe intramedullary region. The temperature was found to be 15C in the vicinity and 26.1C in the cortexacross the module. After the system was stabilized, a very slight change was observed in the temperature.Conclusion: Hypothermia system developed ensured desired cooling of the targeted part of the kidney;however, it did not cause a change in the temperature of other parts of the kidney or general body temperature.Thus, it was possible to create a long-term study area for renal parenchymal surgery.
Is there a relation between priapism occurring after penile doppler ultrasonography and international erectile function index score and erection hardness score levels?
(2017) Sönmez, Mehmet Giray; Öztürk, Ahmet
Objective: The relation between Erection Hardness Score (EHS) and The International Erectile FunctionIndex (IIEF) Questionnaire- Erectile Function Domain Score (IIEF-EF score) used in erectile dysfunction(ED) evaluation and the prevalence of priapism after penile Doppler ultrasonography (PDU) was examined inthis study.Material and methods: A total of 62 patients who had PDU were included in the study. Patients were dividedinto two groups; there were 33 patients in IIEF-EF score 10, EHS 2 group (Group 1) and 29 patients in IIEFEFscore 10, EHS 2 group (Group 2). The two groups separated according to their scores were compared forage, body mass index (BMI), prevalence of priapism, vascular comorbidities and duration of erection.Results: When compared to Group 2, median age, rate of vascular comorbidities rate and BMI were detectedto be higher in Group 1 with IIEF-EF score 10 and EHS 2. But contrary to age and rate of vascular comorbidities(p0.035, p0.049 respectively), higher BMI was detected to be statistically insignificant (p0.093).Duration of erection, IIEF-EF score and number of cases with priapism were significantly higher in Group 2with IIEF-EF score 10 and EHS 2 (p0.001, p0.027, p0.049 respectively).Conclusion: High IIEF-EF and EHS scores, younger ages and lower rates of vascular comorbidities in patientsfrom whom PDU was demanded increase the prevalence of priapism.
Evaluation of the readability of informed consent forms used in urology: Is there a difference between open, endoscopic, and laparoscopic surgery?
(2018) Sönmez, Mehmet Giray; Öztürk, Ahmet; Özkent, Mehmet Serkan; Ecer, Gökhan; Boğa, Mehmet Salih; Demirelli, Erhan; Kozanhan, Betül
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the readability levels of informed consent forms used in Turkey before urological surgery and to compare the readability levels of open, endoscopic, and laparoscopic surgical informed consent forms. Material and Methods: A total of 529 informed consent forms used for urological open, endoscopic, and laparoscopic surgical procedures were collected from different hospitals in Turkey. Evaluating informed consent forms that have exactly the same text only once, a total of 69 consent forms were evaluated. The Gunning Fog Index and Flesch–Kincaid test measuring the general readability level were used to calculate the readability level of informed consent forms in addition to the Ateşman and Bezirci–Yılmaz formulas defined to determine the readability level of Turkish texts. Informed consent forms were evaluated and divided into three groups as open, endoscopic, and laparoscopic surgery forms, depending on their content. Results: Among 69 informed consent forms evaluated, 35 were open, 19 were endoscopic, and 15 were laparoscopicsurgery consent forms. The readability level of all informed consent forms was detected as average according to theAteşman formula, very difficult according to the Flesch–Kincaid test, difficult according to the Gunning Fog Index, and at the high school education level according to the Bezirci–Yılmaz formula. A statistical evaluation of the three groups did not show a significant difference in the readability level. Conclusion: In this study, it was detected that the informed consent form readability levels used for urological surgical procedures in our country were rather low. We think that the cooperation of the concerned institutions is required for the revisionof the consent information texts available and the improvement of the texts according to the strategies recommended.
Male infertility associated with de novo pericentric inversion of chromosome 1
(2017) Balasar, Özgür; Zamani, Ayşe Gül; Balasar, Mehmet; Acar, Hasan
Inversion occurs after two breaks in a chromosome have happened and the segment rotates 180 before reinserting.Inversion carriers have produced abnormal gametes if there is an odd number crossing- over betweenthe inverted and the normal homologous chromosomes causing a duplication or deletion. Reproductive riskssuch as infertility, abortion, stillbirth and birth of malformed child would be expected in that case. A 54-year- old male patient was consulted to our clinic for primary infertility. The routine chromosome study wereapplied using peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures and analyzed by giemsa-trypsin-giemsa (GTG) banding,and centromer banding (C-banding) stains. Y chromosome microdeletions in the azoospermia factor (AZF) regionswere analyzed with polymerase chain reaction. Additional test such as fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) was used to detect the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY). Semen analysis showedazoospermia. A large pericentric inversion of chromosome 1 46,XY, inv(1) (p22q32) was found in routinechromosome analysis. No microdeletions were seen in AZF regions. In our patient the presence of SRY regionwas observed by using FISH technique with SRY-specific probe. Men who have pericentric inversion of chromosome1, appear to be at risk for infertility brought about by spermatogenic breakdown. The etiopathogenicrelationship between azoospermia and pericentric inversion of chromosome 1 is discussed.
New surgical technique applied with urological instruments in bilobar multiple hepatolithiasis: Ultra-mini percutaneous hepatolithotomy
(2017) Öztürk, Ahmet; Sönmez, Mehmet Giray; Bakdık, Süleyman; Göğer, Yunus Emre; Özkent, Mehmet Serkan; Aksoy, Faruk; Belviranlı, Metin
Intrahepatic bile duct stones may emerge with manifestations as chronic stomach ache, cholestasis, cholangitis, abscess, post-obstructive atrophy and liver cirrhosis presentation may occur. Thus the treatment of symptomatic hepatolithiasis patients should be provided. Different methods such as biliary decompression, endoscopic, percutaneous or open surgery are recommended for the treatment of patients with intrahepatic gallstones. The aim of the treatment is to extract the stones and regain biliary drainage. But the treatment regimen to be applied should be determined after examining the age, performance condition, general conditionof the patient and location of the stone carefully. In this case, we presented a young female patient whohad many unsuccessful surgical interventions due to coledochal cyst and congenital malformation in bileducts, had large stones in right and left intrahepatic bile ducts and in whom we provided complete stone-free condition through Ultra-Mini Percutaneous Hepatolithotomy (UM-PHL) using urological instruments.
Treatment of Complete Urethral Obstruction by using Pneumatic Lithotripsy in a Dog: A Preliminary Report
(2016) Maden, Mehmet; İder, Merve; Parlak, Kurtuluş; Öztürk, Ahmet
Bu olgu sunumunda bir köpekte tam üretral obstrüksiyonun tedavisinde minimal invaziv sistoskopik pnömatik litotripsi tekniğinin kullanımı anlatıldı. Olgunun hayvan materyalini idrar yaparken zorlanma ve son iki gündür idrar yapamama şikâyetleri ile getirilen, postrenal azotemia ve hematuria tespit edilen Chihuahua ırkı, 5 yaşlı bir köpek oluşturdu. Tam üretral obstrüksiyona neden olan üretral taşlar sistoskopi ile görüntülendi, pnömatik litotriptör kullanılarak parçalandı ve taş fragmanları voiding urohydropulsiyon yöntemiyle dışarıya alındı. Sonuç olarak, pnömatik litotripsi yöntemi tam üretral obstrüksiyonun tedavisinde başarılı bir şekilde kullanıldı.
Mahkumlar arasında oxibutinin bağımlılığı: İki olgu sunumu
(2016) Balasar, Mehmet; Çiçekçi, Faruk
Bu çalışma Konya E tipi cezaevinde kalan ve oxibutinin kullanan veya kullandığı oxibutininin dozunu artırmak isteyen iki mahkumu sunmak için planlandı. Çalışma, oksibütinin, mahkumlar arasında madde ve alkol kullanımı ile elde edilen duygulara benzer etkiler elde etmek için kullanıldığını gösterdi.
Treatment Selection for a Vesicoureteral Reflux Case Following Renal Transplantation
(2016) Erikoğlu, Mehmet; Taşçı, Halil İbrahim; Balasar, Mehmet; Pişkin, Mehmet Mesut
Böbrek nakli yapılmış hastaların önemli bir kısmında ürolojik komplikasyonlar gelişmektedir. Gelişen bu ürolojik komplikasyonlar nakil sonrası greft fonksiyonunda gecikme, greft kaybı gibi morbiditelerin ve mortalitenin en önemli sebeplerindendir. Elli yedi yaşında erkek hastada kadaverik böbrek nakli sonrasında vezikoüreteral reflü gelişti. Tekrarlayan idrar yolu enfeksiyonu ve greft fonksiyonlarında bozulmaya yol açması nedeni ile öncelikle subüreterik enjeksiyon denedi; fakat başarılı olmaması üzerine açık prosedürle üreteroneosistostomi işlemi tekrarlandı. Hasta ameliyat sonrası 10. ayında ve takipleri problemsiz olarak devam ediyor. Sonuçta idrar yolu enfeksiyonu ve greft fonksiyonlarında bozulmaya yol açan VUR sonrasında öncelikle daha az invazif bir yöntem olan endoskopik yöntemler tercih edilebilirken, başarısız enjeksiyon; ya da ileri evre vakalarda açık cerrahi prosedürün tercih edilmesi uygun bir yaklaşım olarak görülmektedir.
Estimation of the capacity of emergency surgery in Konya: Nine-year multicenter study
(2016) Küçükkartallar, Tevfik; Çakır, Murat; Tekin, Ahmet; Balasar, Mehmet; Kartal, Adil; Köksal, Hande; Erengül, Bülent; Türk, Emin
Amaç: Cerrahi acillerin sayısının sürekli artmasına rağmen acil cerrahi yatışları hakkında kısıtlı veri bulunmaktadır. Bu çok merkezli çalışmanın amacı, Konya şehrinde acil genel cerrahi sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Konya'da tüm genel cerrahi acil başvurularının dokuz yıllık sonuçları incelendi (Ocak 2003Ocak 2012). Tüm demografik veriler istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Konya'da yer alan 4 hastaneden 21954 hasta çalışmaya alınmıştır. Konya Numune Hastanesi (7154), Konya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi (6654), Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Meram Tıp Fakültesi (6400) ve Başkent Üniversitesi Konya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi (1390) verileri toplandı. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 59,6 ve ortalama hastanede kalış süresi 3,3 gündü. Hastaneye kabul edilen hastaların tanıları; akut apandisit (%59,57), bağırsak tıkanıklığı (%11,12), travma (%7,97), boğulmuş kasık fıtığı (%5,46), akut kolesistit (%4,87), peptik ülser perforasyonu (%4,09), mezenterik iskemi (%2,73), nekrotizan fasiit (%2,73), gastrointestinal sistem kanaması (%1,79) ve diğerleriydi (%1,1).Sonuç: Bu çalışma ile cerrahi kabullerin sürekli arttığı görülmüştür. Non-travmatik akut karın, genel cerrahi acillerinin en sık nedeniydi. Yaşlı hastaların sayısında artış olmasına rağmen, hastanede kalış süresi ve mortalite oranları azalmıştır.
Efficacy of Low Density Linear Shockwave Treatment in Severe Arteriogenic Erectile Dysfunction Patients
(2017) Sönmez, Mehmet Giray; Kara, Cengiz
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, şiddetli arteriyojenik erektil disfonksiyona (ED) sahip hastalarda, fosfodiesteraz tip 5 (PDESİ) inhibitörünün (Tadalafil 5 mg) günlük kullanımı ile kombine edilen düşük dansiteli lineer şok dalga tedavisini (LI-ESWT), sadece PDESİ'nin günlük kullanımı ile kıyaslayarak LI-ESWT'nin etkinliğini değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Toplam 23 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Bu hastalar LI-ESWT tadalafil 5 mg tedavisi (n10) uygulanan, sadece tadalafil 5 mg tedavisi uygulanan (n13) hastalar şeklinde iki gruba ayrıldı. LI-ESWT, 4 hafta boyunca haftada bir kez uygulandı. Her iki gruptaki hastalara da günde bir defa tadalafil 5 mg tedavisi oral olarak başlandı ve tedaviye her iki grupta 3 ay devam edildi. Tedavi öncesi ve sonrası 1. ay ve 3. ayda hastalar Uluslararası Erektil Fonksiyon İndeks Formu-Erektil Fonksiyon Alanı Skoru (IIEF-EF) ve Ereksiyon Sertlik Derecesi Skoru (ESDS) seviyeleri ve Seksüel İlişki Profili (SEP) 2 ve 3 ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Tedavi öncesi ve tedavi sonrası 1. ve 3. ayda ölçülen IIEF-EF skorları arasında istatiksel anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p0,091; p0,198). Üçüncü ay sonunda LI-ESWT tadalafil 5 mg grubunda IIEF-EF skoru 4 puan, Tadalafil 5 mg grubunda 3,2 puan artış gösterdi. İki grup arasında 1. ve 3. ayda ölçülen ESDS, SEP2 ve SEP3 pozitif hasta oranları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı.Sonuç: LI-ESWT, ED tedavisinde kolay uygulanabilir, belirgin yan etkisi olamayan ve sonuçlar üzerinde pozitif etkisi olan bir uygulamadır. Fakat ağır arteriyojenik ED mevcut hastalarda etkin bir tedavi yöntemi değildir.
Böbrek taşı olan ve olmayan hastaların idrar kültürlerinde üreyen etkenler ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları
(2015) Balasar, Mehmet; Kandemir, Abdülkadir; Doğan, Metin; Ünlü, Mahmud Zahid; Pişkin, Mehmet Mesut
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, üroloji polikliniğine idrar yolu infeksiyon semptomları ile başvuran, görüntüleme tetkiklerinde böbrek taşı tespit edilen ve edilmeyen hasta gruplarının idrar kültürlerinde üreyen etken ve antibiyogram duyarlılık sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kasım 2010 - Haziran 2013 tarihleri arasında üroloji polikliniğine idrar yolu infeksiyon semptomları ile başvuran 15-50 yaş arası hastalardan alınan idrar örnekleri Merkez Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuarında mikrobiyolojik açıdan değerlendirildi. Laboratuar bilgi sistemi veritabanından tarama yapılarak idrar kültürlerinde 105 koloni üzerinde bakteri üremesi olan hastaların idrar örnekleri çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Hastalar böbrek taşı olan (Grup I) ve olmayan (Grup II) olarak 2 gruba ayrıldı. Mikroorganizmaların tanımlanması ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları tam otomatik cihaz ile yapıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 2882 hastanın idrar kültür sonuçları dâhil edildi. İdrar kültürlerinin 441 (%15.3)inde 105 koloni üzerinde bakteri üremesi tespit edildi. Bunların 119 (%27)u Grup I, 322 (%73)si Grup IIye ait sonuçlar idi. Grup Ideki hastalarda Acinetobacter spp. ve Enterobacter spp., Grup IIdeki hastalarda E. coli. ve Klebsiella spp. mikroorganizmalar daha yüksek oranda izole edilmiş olup istatistiki olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Enterokok türü mikroorganizmaların antibiyotik duyarlılık oranlarının karşılaştırılmasında ise Grup I hastalarda, direnç oranlarındaki yükseklik siprofloksasin ve gentamisin için istatistikî olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Enterobactericeae türü mikroorganizmaların antibiyotik duyarlılık oranlarındaki farklılık istatistikî olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. İzole edilen diğer mikroorganizmaların sayısı yeterli olmadığından antibiyotik duyarlılık oranları karşılaştırılmamıştır. Sonuç: Acinetobacter gibi dirençli infeksiyon etkeni mikroorganizmaların böbrek taşı olan hastalarda daha yüksek oranda izole edildiği gözlenmiş olup, tedavi öncesinde ve tamamlanmasından sonra mikroorganizmaların tespit edilmesi ve duyarlılık testlerinin değerlendirilmesi için idrar kültürleri yapılmalıdır.
Is There a Difference Between the Readabilities of Informed Consent Forms Used for Procedures in the Emergency Services of State and University Hospitals in Turkey?
(2018) Öztürk Sönmez, Leyla; Sönmez, Mehmet Giray; Mustafa Kürşat, Ayrancı; Evrin, Togay; Katipoğlu, Burak; Cander, Başar
Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the readability levels of informed consent forms (ICFs) used for procedures in the emergency services of state and university hospitals by comparing through readability formulas.Materials and Methods: ICFs used in emergency medicine clinics in different university and state hospitals in Turkey were collected, and forms that were the same were included in the evaluation only once. A total of 32 ICFs, with 15 from university hospitals and 17 from state hospitals, were evaluated. Average word number, syllable number, and words with syllable number of four and above were calculated. Different formulas were used to determine readability levels.Results: Although the readability of ICFs used in university hospitals was found to be better than those in state hospitals, the readability levels of the ICFs for both groups were detected to have medium difficulty according to the Atesman formula, very difficult according to the Flesch-Kincaid formula, difficult according to the Gunning-Fog formula, and at high school level according to the Bezirci-Yilmaz formula.Conclusion: In conclusion, the readability rates of emergency procedure ICFs in both state hospitals and university hospitals were detected to be rather low according to the present study. The education level of our country and the local environment should be considered while preparing these ICFs.
A rare complication of penile prosthesis: Migration to the posterior gluteal groove
(2019) Özbay, Engin; Salar, Remzi; Durmuş, Emrullah; Aydın, Arif; Öncel, Halil Ferat; Karlıdağ, İsmail
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